@article{526,
  author = {Thuy Doan and Zijun Liu and Ali Sie and Clarisse Dah and Mamadou Bountogo and Mamadou Ouattara and Boubacar Coulibaly and Dramane Kiemde and Guillaume Zonou and Eric Nebie and Jessica Brogdon and Elodie Lebas and Armin Hinterwirth and Lina Zhong and Cindi Chen and Zhaoxia Zhou and Travis Porco and Benjamin Arnold and Catherine Oldenburg and Thomas Lietman},
  title = {Gut Microbiome Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance After a Single Dose of Oral Azithromycin in Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.},
  abstract = {<p>Mass antibiotic distribution to preschool children resulted in alterations of the gut microbiome months after distribution. This individually randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated changes in the gut microbiome and resistome in children aged 8 days to 59 months after one dose of oral azithromycin in Burkina Faso. A total of 450 children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either placebo or azithromycin. Rectal samples were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 months after randomization and subjected to DNA deep sequencing. Gut microbiome diversity and normalized antimicrobial resistance determinants for different antibiotic classes were evaluated. Azithromycin decreased gut bacterial diversity (Shannon P < 0.0001; inverse Simpson P < 0.001) 2 weeks after treatment relative to placebo. Concurrently, the normalized abundance of macrolide resistance genetic determinants was 243-fold higher (95% CI: 76-fold to 776-fold, P < 0.0001). These alterations did not persist at 6 months, suggesting that disruptions were transient. Furthermore, we were unable to detect resistance changes in other antibiotic classes, indicating that co-resistance with a single course of azithromycin when treated at the individual level was unlikely.</p>},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Am J Trop Med Hyg},
  month = {2024 Jan 16},
  issn = {1476-1645},
  doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.23-0651},
  language = {eng},
}