TY - JOUR KW - Azithromycin KW - Humans KW - Metagenomics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Child Mortality KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Gastrointestinal Microbiome KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Burkina Faso KW - Campylobacter KW - Campylobacter Infections AU - Armin Hinterwirth AU - Ali Sie AU - Boubacar Coulibaly AU - Lucienne Ouermi AU - Clarisse Dah AU - Charlemagne Tapsoba AU - Lina Zhong AU - Cindi Chen AU - Thomas Lietman AU - Jeremy Keenan AU - Thuy Doan AU - Catherine Oldenburg AB -

has emerged as a potential important cause of childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Biannual mass azithromycin distribution has previously been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso in which children were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a 5-day course of azithromycin or placebo to investigate the effect of oral antibiotics on the gut microbiome. We evaluated the changes in the gut microbiome of preschool children treated with azithromycin using metagenomic DNA sequencing. We found that three species were reduced with azithromycin treatment compared with placebo. These results were consistent with other studies that have shown decreases in species after azithromycin treatment, generating the hypothesis that a decrease in may contribute to observations of reduction in mortality following azithromycin distribution.

BT - Am J Trop Med Hyg DA - 2020 09 DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0940 IS - 3 J2 - Am J Trop Med Hyg LA - eng N2 -

has emerged as a potential important cause of childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Biannual mass azithromycin distribution has previously been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso in which children were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a 5-day course of azithromycin or placebo to investigate the effect of oral antibiotics on the gut microbiome. We evaluated the changes in the gut microbiome of preschool children treated with azithromycin using metagenomic DNA sequencing. We found that three species were reduced with azithromycin treatment compared with placebo. These results were consistent with other studies that have shown decreases in species after azithromycin treatment, generating the hypothesis that a decrease in may contribute to observations of reduction in mortality following azithromycin distribution.

PY - 2020 SP - 1266 EP - 1269 T2 - Am J Trop Med Hyg TI - Rapid Reduction of Species in the Gut Microbiome of Preschool Children after Oral Azithromycin: A Randomized Controlled Trial. VL - 103 SN - 1476-1645 ER -